HomeMy WebLinkAbout5.1 Town Of Los Altos Hills April 6, 2006
Staff Report to the Planning Commission
RE: AMENDMENT TO THE SITE DEVELOPMENT CODE REQUIRING REMOVAL
OF BLUE GUM EUCALYPTUS TREES (EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS) AT TIME OF
SITE DEVELOPMENT APPROVAL(SECTION 10-2.802)
FROM: Debbie Pedro, AICP, Senior Planner�Q_
APPROVED BY: Carl Cahill, Planning Director/Acting City Manager C_C,
RECOMMENDATION: That the Planning Commission:
Review and discuss the proposed ordinance regarding mandatory removal of eucalyptus
trees at the time of site development approval.
BACKGROUND
At their meeting on March 9, 2006, the City Council directed staff to prepare an
ordinance requiring property owners to remove of all Tasmanian Blue Gum Eucalyptus
trees (Eucalyptus globulus) on their properties at the time of Site Development approval.
Prior to finalizing the draft ordinance, staff is requesting input from the Planning
Commission. Some of the issues that the Commission may wish to consider could
include the following:
Benefits from removing Blue Gum Concerns with regard to the required
Eucalyptus-Trees at the time of Site removal of Blue Gum Eucalyptus trees
Development at the time of Site Development
• These trees have a tendency drop large • Removal of these trees could result in
limbs or uproot and fall over and are a the localized loss of existing landscape
potential safety hazard. screening.
• The dead bark, fallen branches and leaf • Removal. of trees would incur
litter of Blue Gum Eucalyptus trees are additional development expenses for
flammable and if left to accumulate, property owner. (average cost for
can be a potential fire hazard. removal: $2,000+per mature tree)
• Removal of Blue Gum Eucalyptus trees
at the time of site development would
result in a very gradual removal of Blue
Gum Eucalyptus trees from the Town
and therefore not result in significant
impacts to the environment.
Staff Report to the City Council
March 9,2006
Page 2 of 2
Blue Gum Eucalyptus trees are not native to California and are identified as an invasive
tree species in -the Town Landscape Guidelines. This is due to the aggressive seed
propagation strategy of the tree as described in the attached report prepared by arborist
Barrie Coate. (Attachment 2) In 1985, Blue Gum Eucalyptus trees contributed fuel in the
Liddicoat Circle fire that destroyed nine homes within the Town. A falling Blue Gum
Eucalyptus tree resulted in one fatality in Los Altos Hills in 2006. According to the
attached Arborist's Report, "there is no "right place" for one of these trees within falling
distance of human habitation."
The purpose, in part, of the Town's existing Landscape Ordinance (Article 8) is to
"protect properties against fire and other natural forces". It is proposed that the Town's
existing Landscape Ordinance be amended to require the removal of Blue Gum
Eucalyptus trees at the time of site development approval. Consistent with the threshold
established under Section 10-2.301.b.5 (Permits Required) of the Site Development Code
for major additions, this requirement will apply to construction of a principle residence or
any structure, combination of structures, or additions to structures which equal or exceed
nine hundred(900) square feet of floor area.
ATTACHMENT
1. Proposed amendment to section 10-2.802 of the Site Development Ordinance
2. Arborist Report prepared by Barrie D. Coate dated March 7, 2006
3. Town of Los Altos Hills Landscape Guidelines dated May 6, 1999
4. City Council staff report dated March 9, 2006
7 Attachment 1
TITLE 10. ZONING AND SITE DEVELOPMENT
CHAPTER 2.SITE DEVELOPMENT
ARTICLE 8. LANDSCAPING
Sec. 10-2.801.Purpose.
The purposes of this article are to create the maximum compatibility of development with
the natural environment; to preserve the rural qualities of the Town, to insure that structures, as
viewed from off-site, blend harmoniously with the natural landscape and are unobtrusive; to
maintain soil stability, to abate noises; to protect wildlife habitats; to retain aesthetic quality; and
to protect properties against fire and other natural forces.
(§ 15, Ord. 299,eff. December 11, 1985)
Sec. 10-2.802.Landscaping policies
(a) Erosion. Landscaping shall be required to control erosion, retard soil creep, and
reduce the potential for landslides.
(b) Noise. Landscaping and berms may be required to shield Town residents from
unnatural noises, such as those from freeways, arterial streets, and nonresidential land uses.
(c) Visual effects. Landscaping shall be required to mitigate the visual effects of
development from off the site.
(d) Preferred plants. Landscaping should utilize fire retardant species. Native or
naturalized plants or other plant species that blend naturally with the landscape should generally
be favored.
(e) Maintenance. Landscaping shall be maintained in healthy condition by property
owners and shall not intrude into easements, paths, or the lines-of-site required at intersections
and along roads.
(f) Tree preservation. Every feasible attempt should be made to preserve existing trees
except those trees identified in the Los Altos Hills Landscape Guidelines invasive plant list.
(g) All existing Blue Gum Eucalyptus trees (Eucalyptus globulus) shall be removed
at the time of the construction of a principle residence or at the time of the construction of
any structure, combination of structures, or additions to structures which individually or
cumulatively equal or exceed nine hundred(900) square feet of floor area.
(h) Views. In order to prevent blockage of scenic views and vistas, the height at maturity
of proposed plants and trees shall be considered in determining the appropriateness of
landscaping plans.
(i) Amount required. The Town shall require only the minimum amount of landscaping
necessary to implement the above policies. The amount of landscaping required by the Town
shall be determined by the size of structure, the types of materials, and the colors proposed for
structures. Structures that blend with the natural landscape will normally require less landscaping
for screening purposes than will structures composed of non-natural materials and bright colors.
Where slopes are too steep to support continuous ground cover, niches and ledges may be
required for planting.Landscaping may be required for cuts and fills along public roads.
(§ 15, Ord. 299,eff. December 11, 1985)
Hottcsatmi consultants
-3535 SumnijtRoad
Los"OS.Ca 95033
RECOMMENDATIONS REGARDING CONTROL
OF
EUCALYPTUS TREES
IN
LOS ALTOS HILLS
Prepared at the request of.-
Debbie
f:Debbie Pedro
Town.of Los Altos Hills
26379 Fremont Road
Los Altos Hills, CA 94022
Prepared by:
Barrie D. Coate
Consulting Arborist
March 7th,2006
Job#03-06-051
RECOMMENDATIONS RE:CONTROL OF EUCALYPTUS IN LOS ALTOS HILLS 2
Large specimens of Tasmanian Blue Gum(Eucalyptus globulus)may be seen throughout
the parts of California in which winter temperatures remain above 26`F.
This species occurs naturally,however, only in the southeastern portion of Tasmania and
in a few small areas on the southern coast of New South Wales on the mainland of
Australia in areas of 1,000 foot elevation or less,with an average rainfall of 35"annually.
In nature, it can reach 180 feet in height with a trunk diameter of 7 feet.
Unfortunately,the higher nitrogen and phosphorous levels of the soils in many parts of
the world where it has been planted, such as the Nilgire Hills of India,many parts of
Portugal and California,have resulted in trees of 250'tall and 90' wide canopies.
A specimen in the Alma Bridge Road area above Los Gatos reached a documented size
of 130' in height and 30"trunk diameter in 35 years.
This species has many characteristics which make it a nuisance or even dangerous when
it is near human habitation.
It re-seeds into almost any soil,and then grows so rapidly that it produces a dense canopy
over-topping the native trees, shading them out.
As Tasmanian Blue Gum specimens reach 2' or more in trunk diameter,they are
voracious feeders, commonly using all available water and nutrients resulting in the
common complaint that"nothing will grow under a Eucalyptus".
By the time specimens reach this size,the thousands of seed pods, each containing
hundreds of tiny black seeds produce so much viable seed that many seedlings appear
within a hundred feet of the parent tree. By this means,a grove of Tasmanian Blue Gums
can become the dominant species in a large area within a period of a few years,reaching
30-50' tall in 10 years.
This species, like many other very large Eucalyptus species such as E. camaldulensis, E.
viminalis, E. cladocalyx seem genetically predisposed to dropping 3-6"diameter, 15-20'
long branches on a regular basis and an occasional 6-12"diameter limb which can weigh
several hundred pounds.
The unfortunate practice of over thinning the interior of trees by uninformed arborists
when applied to large Eucalyptus species merely exacerbates the likelihood of limb drop
by forming more and heavier end weight growth.
The other unfortunate pruning procedure often used on large Eucalyptus is stub cutting in
which whole tops of trees are removed down to 12"and 24"stubs.
The trees response to this butchery is the production of water sprouts which often grow
10' per year,and are highly vulnerable to breaking off.
PREPARED BY BARRIE D.COATE,CONSULTING ARBORIST MARCH 7TH,2006
RECOMMENDATIONS RE:CONTROL OF EUCALYPTUS IN LOS ALTOS HILLS 3
In other words,there is no"right place"for one of these trees within falling distance of
human habitation.
All of that being said, all Eucalyptus species should not be considered equivalent to
Tasmanian Blue Gums. There are 700 species of Eucalyptus, some of them producing 4'
high groundcovers, and many maturing at 35-40' tall and serving as important increments
of the street tree and ornamental tree inventory.
All Eucalyptus species should not be vilified because Tasmanian Blue Gum is such a
poor neighbor.
It should also be pointed out that many of the non-Eucalyptus species we commonly use
in landscaping drop limbs,especially when not well cared for.
Redwood trees commonly drop 3"diameter,20' long branches, and mature American
Sweet gum trees often drop one or two major limbs each winter.
It deserves note that our venerated Coast Live Oak provides more tree failure
ailure reports for
the Tree Failure Report System managed by the University of California Cooperative
Extension Service than any other species,but that is possibly because of the large
numbers of specimens which we encounter.
In summary, Tasmanian Blue Gum, especially large specimens, or those which have been
badly pruned are not suitable candidates for retention in the average property and the
costs of remedial pruning are often so high that some owners cannot, or will not,have
pruning done which can reduce(note,this is not remove the danger.
Prepared by Barrie D. Coate
ISA Certified Arborist
Registered ASCA Member
C.C. Mr.Atkins,26990 Orchard Hill, Los Altos Hills, CA 94022
BDC/phlg
PREPARED BY BARRIE D.COATE,CONSULTING ARBORIST MARCH 7T',2006
LOS ALTOS HILLS
CALIFORNIA
ToyvN OF Los ALTos IMLs
LANDSCAPE RECOM [ENDATIONS GUIDE
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Prepared by
Environmental Design & Protection Committee
Approved by City Council May 6, 1999
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TOWN OF LOS ALTOS HILLS
LANDSCAPE RECOMMENDATIONS
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
INTRODUCTION.- LANDSCAPING GOAL PG. 2
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS PG. 2 -4
LIVING WITH CALIFORNIA OAKS PG. S- 8
RIPARIAN HABITAT PG. 8-9
PROBLEMS IN THE HILLS PG. 9 - 13
LANDSCAPE MAINTENANCE PG. 13 - 14
HERI'T'AGE TREES PG. 15
GARDENS DISPLAYING DROUGHT TOLERANT PG. 15
AND NATIVE PLANTINGS
HELPFUL REFERENCE BOOKS PG. 15 - 16
TABLE 1: NATIVE PLANTS PG. 17-19
TABLE 2: INVASIVE PLANTS PG. 20
TABLE 3: POISONOUS PLANTS PG. 21
1
flVYRODUCTION. LANDSCAPING GOAL
There are many factors that go into designing a landscape for a
residence in a community Eke ours. The town of Los Altos HM
remains one of the open country areas left in the congested
expanding cities of the Bay Area. A great number of our homes
border on the natural,undeveloped arm which provide a visual
backdrop for much of the San Francisco Peninsula. Our goal in
landscaping is to minimize the visual impact of the housing
—structures with plantings which blend with the natural beauty of our
native surroundings.
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DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
At the time of new construction, owners are required to present a
plan for managing erosion on slopes, and for mitigating the impact or
view of new structures from off site. The purpose is to keep the
town looking less urban, to preserve the soil, and to retain the
original contours as much as possible. Future plantings and changes
should continue with the same goals. The General Plan calls for
landscaping to create maximum compatibility of development with
the natural environment. As a general guideline, the town
recommends informal plantings. To achieve this,plant in random or
staggered groups of a variety of species rather than formal rows or
hedges. This method will avoid future difficulties in replacement if
and when plants are killed by gophers or other problems.
Frequently plantings are used to conceal the view of a structure,
provide privacy, manage erosion, or mitigate wind or noise. Trees
are often the first thought but remember trees grow tall and wide,
The bottom branches die out and what was meant to be hidden will
become visible again. Additionally, your tree may now block your
neighbor's views or sunlight or interfere with utility lines, while it no
longer serves your original purpose. Shrubs may be a better answer.
Most evergreen (non-deciduous)shrubs will top out below 20 feet
and continue for years to give privacy clear to the soil level.
Other design considerations are the water needs of the plants
you select. Grouping plants according to their water needs will
improve their success. Water saving will be a big item of
consideration as the state's population increases in the future. Water
-supplies are finite and we will all be required to minimize our use of
-landscape water in the near fature. Lawns are the biggest user of
water, so try to have only the amount of lawn you really need for
your family use and use drought tolerant plants elsewhere. Some of
the easiest drought tolerant plants are the ones that evolved here
naturally. These are our own native plants. (See Table l: Native -
Plants)
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Also when designing your landscape, consider the site. Is it an
exposed hill or a shady valley? Use plants which are adapted to
these conditions.
In Los Altos Hills, the best time to plant is in the fall at the
time the rains are beginning. The soil is still warm, thereby allowing
the roots to establish. The air is cooler so there won't be much top
growth and the rains will do most of the watering for you. However,
if the rains are inconsistent, supplemental water will be needed. Fall
planting will give your plants a head start on early spring growth. If
you miss the fall planting season, winter and spring are second best
and summer is the least favorable. The Sunset Western Garden Book
is a good source of information for appropriate plantings for our
climate. According to Sunset our zone is 16. All plantings should be
chosen for their adaptability to this zone:
4
LIVING WITH CALIFORNIA OAKS
In Los Altos Hills, we are fortunate to have many native.oaks. Oaks
give us shade and shelter, increase our property values, create
carefree beautiful landscapes, and provide food for native wildlife.
Oaks are very low water and low maintenance trees.Unfortunately,
inappropriate landscaping, such as lawns or high water plantings,
and construction practices can seriously damage these trees. Often
the damage is not evident till years later. As homeowners among
these beautiful trees we are in the best position to protect and
enhance our native oak resources. Careful planning and design can
provide benefits for both people and oaks.
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OAK ROOTS
The roots of mature oaks grow predominately within the upper
3 feet of soil. Most of the roots responsible for uptake of water and
minerals are concentrated within 18 inches of the surface. Although
the roots typically radiate well beyond the periphery of foliage (drip
line), much of the active root system is within the drip line. Roots
are sensitive to environmental change such as compacting, paving,
grading, and increased moisture. In summer, oaks are dormant and
do not need water. During the warmer days of summer, water
actually promotes the growth'of soil fungi which will kill the tree
very slowly ( over 5 or more years ). Also the tree needs oxygen in
the soil and too much water will displace the soil's oxygen.
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ACTIVITIES WHICH CAN DAMAGE TREE ROOTS
SOIL COMPACTING-Frequent traffic (human, livestock, driving or
parking of vehicles)within the drip line squeezes soil particles
together, eliminating natural air space thereby reducing
infiltration and storage of water and air.
PAVEMENT-Impermeable soil coverings restrict the amount of
air, water, and minerals available to the roots thus impairing root
growth and function.
GRADE CHANGES-This involves either the addition or removal of
soil within the drip line. Excavation (cut) can sever and expose
roots. Addition(fill) can suffocate them.
TRENCHING-Trenches that cut across the drip line cut essential
roots. This impairs the tree's ability to obtain water and essential
elements which may cause death, die-back, or gradual decline.
DRAINAGE CHANGES -Any change that causes water to collect
around a tree, especially the trunk, is harmful. Likewise, a grade
change that diverts a source of water that the tree depends on
may cause drought stress.
SOIL CONTAMINATION-Avoid storing and discarding harmful
chemicals or materials such as; herbicides,petroleum products,.
building materials, or waste water near oaks.
LANDSCAPING-There are just a few California native plants that
can be used in landscaping oak gardens. See table 1: Native Plants
*'d items. It is best to keep the area within the drip line
relatively open. Use plants as accents rather than ground covers.
Select plants that tolerate drought and plant no closer than 10 feet
to the trunk. Avoid all planting under declining oaks.
OVER-WATERING-As a general rule,native oaks should not be
irrigated. Frequent irrigation displaces much of the oxygen in the
soil. This can lead to reduced growth and vitality and increased
susceptibility to insects and diseases. One exception, however,is
during drought years. If the winter is unusually dry,
supplemental deep watering in the spring or summer can
compliment natural rainfall. Water the soil from halfway between
the trunk and the drip line to 10-15 feet beyond. Allow the water
to penetrate 18-24 inches. This may take 4-6 hours and should
only be done one time per month.
MULCHING AND FERTILIZING-Keep soil surface mulched with 2-
4 inches of natural leaf litter, wood chips, or gravel. Do not place
directly against trunk. Under such conditions, healthy oaks do not
need added fertilizer. However, if leaf litter is regularly removed,
7
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you may need to fertilize. The ideal time.is in the spring-
Broadcast over the tree's root zone, lightly water into the soil,
avoiding the area within 10 feet of the trunk. Use fertilizers high
in Nitrogen {l) such as calcium nitrate, ammonia sulfate, ammonia
nitrate or urea. Complete fertilizers with nitrogen,phosphorous,
and potassium are more expensive and generally unwarranted.
PRUNING- Large old oaks are likely to need thinning and cabling.
Avoid excessive pruning,removing no more than 10-20%of the
foliage in any one year. WARNING! incorrect pruning can lead to.
serious problems. Consult a professional arborist certified by the
Western Chapter of the International Society of Aboriculture.
DETECTING HEALTH PROBLEMS:
SIGNS OF ADVANCED DECLINE OR DECAY
Thin, sparse foliage
Poor growth
Yellow,undersized leaves
Dead branches and limbs in upper canopy
Wilted,brown leaves during spring and summer
Many short shoots growing on trunk and branches
Mushrooms at tree base or on the roots in fall or early winter -
Conks - shell-like mushrooms on trunk
Cavities in trunk
White, fan-shaped mats of fungus under the bark at soil line
Soft, punchy wood
=> Wet, oozing areas on the bark
If any of these problems occur, residents should contact a certified
arborist.
RIPARIAN HABITAT
The stream corridor, including the vegetation along the bank,is
known as riparian habitat. This high moisture environment supports
a great diversity of plants and wildlife. The corridor is an invaluable
natural resource that serves as a conduit for floodwater, replenishes
surface and ground water, and contributes a host of aesthetic and
recreational benefits. By protecting and preserving this delicate area
you can prevent or minimize erosion,preserve water quality,
contribute to the survival of fish and wildlife, and help avoid flood
damage. Your primary goals along stream.areas are to minimize
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8
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erosion or contamination from adjacent properties and presery-e the
natural state of the area by restoring any damaged areas with native
plants. The following guidelines will help protect and enhance your
living stream.
Always use native plants ( No invasive or non-native plants)
(See Table 1: Native plants) and(Table 2: Invasive plants)
Keep pets and livestock away from the riparian area.
Never use fertilizers or pesticides near the riparian zone.
Protect existing vegetation and natural grades during
construction. .
Control erosion by protecting areas where flowing water
meets bare soil. This may be accomplished . by reducing the
speed or redirecting the water to vegetated areas or by
replanting with native ground cover..
Do not rake up leaf litter or prune native plants.
Do not dump yard wastes into stream area.
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AQUATIC ZONE ZONE U•PI.A_-ND ZONE SACK YARD AREA
PROBLEMS IN THE HILLS
Our community, because of its setting on the edge of natural areas
has some special challenges. Fire protection, erosion and flood
control can be aided by the use of appropriate plantings. Our
abundant wildlife must be protected from poisonous plants and
chemicals,but must also be considered in plant selection that attract
rodents, deer or raccoons.
9
EROSION AND FLOOD CONTROL
Soil stability can be promoted by avoiding and controlling
water runoff. Limit the amount of hardscape(asphalt, concrete, and
other impermeable pavement) to avoid rapid run off of large
amounts of water. Landscape irrigation of a slope is equivalent to
25-50 inches of rainfall per year. Over-watering, the cause of many
slope failures, can equal 100 inches of rainfall per year when the
winter rains are added. Use of drip or no irrigation would be
recommended on any slope.
When planting, avoid cutting into the bottom of the slope
because what is above will likely be washed down. Disturb the soil
as little as possible and use appropriate drought resistant plants with
deep roots. Some native plants which will help are dwarf coyote
bush,baccharis pilularis, some of the-Ceanothus types, native bunch
grasses, native roses, and toyon. Natural and constructed water
courses such as creeks and drainage ditches must be kept free of
debris. Any areas of land that are disturbed during construction
should be quickly re-vegetated;preferably with native plants with
deep roots. -
FIRE PROTECTION
To prevent the likelihood or severity of wildfires, create a 30 -
foot fuel break area around your home using vegetation that has low
flammability and is low growing. Remove dead plants and clean out -
dead material from your living plants in such a way so that it does
not accelerate erosion and flood potential. Trees should be kept a
distance from any structure at least as wide as the mature crown.
Additionally large shrubbery under trees can create a fire ladder
allowing the flames to ignite the tree foliage. Pines,junipers, cypress,
and eucalyptus trees burn especially fast and should not be planted
near the house.
WATER CONSERVATION
Our climate is considered a Mediterranean climate with cool
wet winters and a long dry period from May to October.
Supplemental watering should begin_when the rains cease(this
varies from February to June but averages about May 1).
The plants that are the best adapted to do well on your site are
the ones that are native to the area closest to you. They are drought
10
tolerant and they provide much needed wildlife value for our birds,
butterflies and other creatures. (See Table 1: Native plant list)
A FAVOP iqg of ROHM!OG BIRDS
Minimize lawn area. Grass not only demands frequent
watering but is easily destroyed by tunneling animals such as
gophers and moles_ Instead consider drought tolerant ground covers
such as various species of ceanothus, a rock garden, or a meadow of
wildflowers. If lawn is functionally required, use a drought tolerant
species. The optimum landscape design for water conservation
would include no more than 1/3 high water use plantings, 1/3
moderate and 1/3 low water use plantings.
INVASIVE PLANTS
Certain plants will invade into the surrounding countryside.
Some invasive plants have gotten loose into roadsides and native
habitats. These plants which have been introduced into California
from other parts of the world have no natural enemies and spread
rampantly into our open space. There they crowd out native plants
and become a monoculture. This has a serious impact on our wild
life which depends on the natural variety for food and shelter. (See
Table 2: Invasive plants)
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POISONOUS PLAN'T'S r
Some plants are poisonous to people and livestock. No plant which is
poisonous should be allowed in any enclosure for an animal. Some of
our common garden plants are poisonous if eaten by children. Most
notable is Oleander which is widely planted as a drought tolerant
ornamental shrub. Others include the Rhododendron family. (See
Table 3 : Poisonous plants)
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COPING WITH WILDLIFE
We live in an urban/rural interface and as much as our
plantings might attract the birds and butterflies, they also attract
rodents, deer, and raccoons. To protect against gophers,place a 1
inch or less wire mesh basket in the planting hole. It is almost
impossible to protect lawns against moles and gophers, so take this
into consideration in your overall landscape plan. Dense ground
covers such as ivy,vinca, and thickets of blackberries can harbor
rats. Deer protection is difficult. Much of what the deer will eat is
l
12
4
variable and depends upon his degree of hunger. There are some
plants that deer consistently do not eat. These are mostly the spiny
ones and those with a strong odors.or fragrance but, they adore
plants in the rose family which includes many stone fruits. If you
need to protect specific plantings i.e, vegetable gardens, the best
protection is fencing.Fences to keep deer away need to be 6 feet
high or more. A double row of fences 4 feet high and 4 feet apart
will also do the trick. However, then you have a weed problem in
the inter-space. At Hidden Villa, a sheep-ran between the fences
keeps the weeds down. Fences require a building permit.
Remember, however, that wildlife needs to migrate for food and
water so please leave open corridors through your property.
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LANDSCAPE MAINTENANCE
NEW PLANTINGS
Watering way be needed for at least the first two summers, or until
the plants can make it on their own.Water weekly gradually
tapering'off to every two weeks and then to once per month until
established. Water only sparingly after that, remembering about the
owth o soil fungi during the summer.
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PRUNING and TRIMMING 1_
It is important to keep large trees correctly pruned to allow for
safe and balance and prevent storm damage. Consult a certified
safety
arborist. Maintain your shrubbery along pathways,roadways and
driveway intersections to allow proper visibility and accessibility.
Also remember your and your neighbors scenic views can disappear
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when trees and shrubs are not kept properly trimmed.
IRRIGATION
When using automatic or manual irrigation do not over-water
creating runoff or flooding to adjacent properties.Use drip system
irrigation or a soaker hose whenever possible to avoid erosion and
conserve our valuable water resources. Also remember to change
automatic timers as seasonal weather changes. Because of
fluctuating high water pressure in some areas, a pressure regulator
valve should be installed on your landscape watering system to
event ruptured
Pr tured
P .
W�CONTROL
The fire district will ask you to control weed growth. Here are some
recommendations to handle.this often overwhelming problem. The
following list is in order of preference and environmental sensitivity.
1. Mowing, string or blade trimming, and grazing -- -
2. Layers of chip mulch
3. Glyphosate sprays such as"Roundup" in open areas or"Rodeo"
near water courses. Read the label carefully fust and follow
directions explicitly.
4. Plowing and discing will cause soil erosion from wind and water.
It has also been responsible for fires (from sparks off engine or
hitting rocks). Timing of turning the soil is important. If seed has
already formed and dropped, rototilling will only replant seed for
next year's weeds.
COMPOSTING
Composting your yard waste at home can produce valuable nutrients
for your garden while decreasing the impact on landfills. Classes are
available monthly in Los Altos for Los Altos Hills residents.
14
f
HERITAGE TREES
Los Altos Hills has a Heritage Tree Program, and the so designated
coastal live oak at Town Hall is a fine example of such a tree. We are
Looking for other outstanding California Native trees that could be
honored as a heritage tree and included in a photo book of prize
trees in our town. Property owners with such a tree are encouraged
to contact the town hall office and let us know. The Environmental
Design and Protection Committee with the help of an arborist will
examine and consult on the tree. If the tree is suitable and healthy,
an award will-be given and the tree will be identified as a Heritage
Tree of Los Altos Hills.
GARDENS DISPLAnNG DROUGHT TOLERANT
AND NATIVE PLANTINGS
Sunset Magazine Gardens in Menlo Park
Yerba Buena Nursery-Demonstration Garden
Woodside library
Guadalupe,Gardens in San Jose
Alameda County Water District
University of California at Berkeley Botanic Garden
Tilden Botanic Garden in Berkeley
U.C. Santa Cruz Arboretum
DeAnza College Environmental Studies Area
San Mateo Garden Center
Gamble Gardens in Palo Alto
HELPFUL REFEREVCEB.00KS
California Native Trees & Shrubs for Garden&Environmental Use in
Southern California and Adjacent Arm- Lee W.Lenz &John
Dourley, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont, CA, 1981.
Growing California Native Plants-Marjorie G. Schmidt, 1980.
Hillsborough Water Use Classification of Landscape Species,Version
1, January 1993. On file in Los Altos Hills Town Hall,
15
i
Homeowner's Guide to Fire and Watershed Management at the
Chaparral/Urban Interface, Klaus W.H. Radtke, National Foundation
for Environmental Safety Inc., 2210 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 4184 Santa
Monica, CA 90403., 1982.
Landscape,Plants for Western Regions.Bob Perry, Land Design
Publishing, Claremont, Ca 91711, 1996.
Living Among the Oaks, A Management Guide for Landowners-
University of California Cooperative Extension Natural Resources
Program, Berkeley, CA., (4151642-2360).
Living More Safely in the Chaparral/Urban Interface. Klaus W.H.
.Radtke.U.S.D.A. General Technical Report PSW-67, 1983.
Selected California Native Plants in Color-Saratoga Horticulture
Foundation, Barrie D. Coate,Editor, 1980.
Streamside Planting Guide-for San Mateo and Santa Clara County
Streams - Coyote Creek Riparian Station, P.O.Box 1027,Alviso, CA
95002., (408) 262-9204.
Sunset Western Garden Book-Lane Publishing Co. (many editions
available).
Success List of Water Conserving Plants- Saratoga Horticulture
Foundation, 1983.
Successful Perennials for the Peninsula-A Selection by Members of
Western Horticulture Society, 1989.
Water-Conserving Plants and Landscapes for the Bay Area- East Bay
Municipal Utility District, 1990.
16
Table 1.
Native Plants
These native plants grow wild in or near Los Altos Hills and will
grow easily in your garden.
Botanical name Common Name Foliage
Trees
Acer macrophyllum Big-leaf Maple. deciduous
Aesculus californica California Buckeye early deciduous
Arbutus menziesil Madrone evergreen
Lithocarpus desiflora Tanbark Oak evergreen
Platanus racemosa Western Sycamore deciduous
Populus fremontii Fremont Cottonwood deciduous
Pseudotsuga menziesii Douglas Fir evergreen
Quercus agrifolia Coast Live Oak evergreen
Quercus chrysolepis Canyon Oak evergreen
Quercus douglasii Blue Oak deciduous
Quercus kelloggu California Black Oak deciduous
Quercus lobata Valley Oak deciduous
Sambucus caerulea Mexican Elderberry deciduous
Sequoia sempervirens Coast Redwood evergreen
Torreya californica California Nutmeg evergreen
Umbellularia californica California Bay evergreen
Shrubs
Amelanchier pallida, Serviceberry deciduous
Arctostaphylos andersonii* Heart-leaved evergreen
Manzanita
Arctostaphylos glauca* Big-berrried evergreen
Manzanita
Arctostaphylos manzanita* Dr. Hurd evergreen
Baccharis pilularis* Dwarf Coyote Bush evergreen
Ceanothus cuneatus Common Buck Brush evergreen
Ceanothus thyrsiflorus Blue Brush evergreen
Ceanothus (many species
Cercis occidentalis * Western Redbud deciduous
Cercocarpus betuloides Mountain Mahogany evergreen
CA
Cornus californica Creek Dogwood deciduous
17
Table#1 : Native Plants, Cont.
Botanical Name Common Name Foliage
Cornus glabrata Brown Dogwood deciduous
Corylus cornuta californica California Hazelnut deciduous
Dendromecon rigida* Bush Poppy evergreen
Diplacus aurantiacus Sticky Monkey Flower shrubby
Mimulus * perennial
Fremontodendron* Flannel bush evergreen
Garrya elliptica * Coast Silktassel evergreen
Heteromeles arbutifolia * Toyon evergreen
Holodiscus discolor Cream Bush deciduous
Lepechinia calycina Pitcher Sage evergreen
aromatic
Lonicera involucrata Hairy Honesuckle evergreen
Mahonia pinnatta * - - Shinyleaf Barberry evergreen
Malacothamnus arcuatus Northern evergreen
malacothamnus
Myrica californica Wax Myrtle evergreen
Oemlaria cerasiformis Oso Berry deciduous
Physocarpus capitus Pacific Ninebark deciduous -
Prunus ilicifolia * ._ Hollyleaf Cherry evergreen -
Rhamnus californica * Coffeeberry evergreen
Ribes aureum * _ Golden Currant deciduous
Ribes sanguineum * Red Flowering Currant deciduous
Ribes Speciosum Fuchia Flowering Goosberry
deciduous
Rosa californica * California Rose deciduous
Salvia leucophylla * Purple Sage deer proof
Salvia sonomensis* Sage perennial
Symphoricarpos albus Common Snowberry deciduous
Symphoricarpos mollis Creeping Snowberry deciduous
Trichostenmma lanatum Wooley Blue Curls evergreen
Low Growing Native Plants
Ameria maritima Sea Pink evergreen
Clarkia ameona(Godetia) Farwell-to-spring annual
Eriogonum - fasciculatum* California buckwheat evergreen
Eriogonum grande* Red buckwheat evergreen
Eschscholzia californica California poppy annual
Heuchera sanguinea Coral bells evergreen
I. douglasiana, innominata Pacific Coast Iris evergreen
18 \
Table#1 : Native Plants, Cont.
Botanical Name Common Name Foliage
Zauchneria
(epilobium canum) California Fuschia deciduous
Native Grasses
Elymus glaucus blue lyme grass perennial/sun
Festuca californica California Fescue grassses/shade
Melica torreyana grasses/shade
Nessella cernua nodding needle grass bunching/sun
Nessella pulchra purple needle grass bunching/sun
* Native plants for under oak trees
19
Table #2: �.
Invasive Plants
The plants which seed themselves into wild areas and which
These are
will eventually crowd out native plants and reduce natural foods for
our birds, insects, and other animals. Please avoid planting these and
try to remove existing plants where possible.
Botanical Name Common Name
Ailanthus Tree of Heaven
_Arundo donax Giant Reed
Cortaderia jubata Pampus Grass
Cotoneaster spp.. Cotoneaster
Cytisus spp. French, Scotch, or Spanish Broom
Eucalyptus globulus Blue Gum Eucalyptus
Hedera canariensis Algerian Ivy
P e nni s e to m Fountain Grass
Pyracantha spp. Pyracantha
Rubus procerus Himalayan Blackberry
Tamarix Tamarisk
Vinca major Periwinkle
*Also included are any non-native plants which have berries or
which spread by rhizomes.
It is especially important to keep the above plants from entering
waterways.
i"-
1
20
Table #3:
Poisonous Plants
These plants must be kept out of animal enclosures and along
pathways.
Arrowgrass Golden Corydalis* Privet Hedge*
Black Henbane Grimsel Purple Sesband
Black Locust Ground Ivy* Rabbit Bush or
Bladder Pod Groundsel Brush
Bluebonnet* Horse Nettle Ragweed*
Blue-green Algae Horsetail* Rattlebox,
Boxwood Indian Hemp Rayless Goldenrod*
Bracken Fern Ivy Bush* Raywort*
Broomcorn Jasmine Rough Pea
Burr Clover* Jeruselum,Cherry* Russian Knapweed
Buckeye* Jimson Weed St. Johnswort*
Castor Bean* Johnson Grass* Seasbane
Chwseweed Johnswort Senecio
Cherry Laurel* lUamath Weed Sneezeweed
Choke Cherry* Knapweed Sorghum
Climbing Knotweed Sour Dock*
Bittersweet LamblU Staggergrass
Cockleburr* Lantana* Star of Bethlehem*
Coffaebean* Larkspur* Star Thistle
Com Cockle Laurel* Stink Grass
Cotalaris* Laurel Cherry Tansy
Coyote Tobacco* Lily of the Valley* Teaweed
Creeping Ivy* Locoweed Tipton Weed
Curly Dock* Mallow* Tree Tobacco*
Death Caminas Milkweed Vetch
Desert Tobacco Nightshade* Water Hemlock*
Ergot Oaks* Wold Cherries
Fanwood Oleanders* Yew*
Fiddleneck Old Man in Spring (*- Plants often
Fitweed Pennygrass used for
Flax* Pigwaed* landscaping
Goatweed Plum Tree* around homes
Poison Hemlock* along driveways
and fence lines)
Published by Spur Magazine, June 1990.
21
Town Of Los Altos Hills March 952006
Staff Report to the City Council
RE: SURVEY OF LOCAL ORDINANCES FOR PROTECTING TREES AND
ABATING HAZARDOUS TREES
FROM: Debbie Pedro, AICP, Senior Planner p.
APPROVED BY: Carl Cahill, Acting City Manager 0-.C•
RECOMMENDATION: That the City Council:
Review the report and provide staff with further direction on actions to be taken.
- BACKGROUND
On January.-12, 2006, the City Council directed staff to 1) conduct a field survey and
identify potentially hazardous trees in the Town's major roadways and 2) research
ordinances-in surrounding communities to find out what policies are currently in place to
control potentially hazardous trees. Per the direction of Council, the Public Works
Department has begun an inventory of hazardous street trees and will present the results
of the survey in a separate report. Planning staff has researched tree ordinances from
eleven(11) neighboring cities and towns and a chart summarizing the findings is included
for your review. (Attachment 1)
Survey of Tree Ordinances
Ordinances pertaining to tree management generally fall into two categories: Tree
Protection and Public Nuisance/Hazardous Trees.
1) Tree Protection-The eleven cities surveyed all have tree protection ordinances
currently in place except for the Town of Woodside which has a draft ordinance
available. While each city has varying standards of what constitute a protected or
heritage tree, they are designed to preserve heritage and specimen trees which are not
allowed to be removed without a permit.
A comparison of the tree ordinances shows that the most restrictive of the tree protection
ordinance is found in Saratoga where any tree having a trunk diameter of 10" or greater is
considered a protected tree. On the other hand, Los Altos Hills has one of the more
liberal programs where only oak trees over 12" in trunk diameter are designated as
protected trees. With that said, however, the Town does require the protection and
preservation of existing trees and landscaping during the site development process by
7
Staff Report to the City Council r
March 9,2006 •
Page 2 of 4
requiring subdivision lot design and development plans to accommodate existing trees �.
whenever possible. (Attachment 2)
2) Public Nuisance/Hazardous Trees-All cities have ordinances that regulate dangerous
or hazardous trees. Usually found under the "public nuisance" section of the code, trees
that qualify as a public nuisance are generally defined as ."dead, decayed, interfere with
public street or public improvements, and constitute an immediate danger to members of
the public". In cases where a tree is determined to be a public nuisance, the property
owner would be responsible for abating the violation.
Los Altos Hills currently has an ordinance (Section 12-2.206) that defines trees with the
following characteristics as a public nuisance and their removal may be required via an
�I
abatement process:
• Any dead, diseased, infested, or drying tree in any street or on any private property
so near to anstreet as to constitute a danger to street trees, or streets, or portions
Y
thereof,
• Any tree or shrub on any private properly or in any street of a type or species apt
to destroy, impair, or otherwise interfere with any street improvement, sidewalk,
curb,approved street tree, gutter, sewer, or other public improvement, including
utility mains or services;
• The existence of any tree which is infested or infected, or in danger of becoming
infested or infected,with objectionable insects, scale, fungus, or growth injurious
to trees;
e which interfere with the visibility of
The existence of any branches or foliage ty , or
free use of, or access to any portion of any street improved for vehicular or
pedestrian travel;
While none of the other jurisdictions surveyed has an ordinance that requires the removal
of particular tree species, the Town of Portola Valley does have landscaping guidelines
that discourage planting of nonnative trees, shrubs and ground covers. (Attachment 3) In
addition, section 8.10.040.H of the Atherton Municipal Code "strongly recommends"
certain tree species such as acacias, blue gum eucalyptus, and Monterey pine not be
planted. (Attachment 4)
Similarly, the Los Altos Hills Landscape Recommendations Guide (prepared by the
Environmental Design & Protection Committee and approved by the City Council on
May 6, 1999) provides a list of invasive plants including blue gum eucalyptus and others
which property owners are asked to avoid planting and to remove where possible.
(Attachment 5) The following is an excerpt from the Town's Landscape
Recommendations Guide:
Staff Report to the City Council
March 9,2006
Page 3 of 4
Invasive Plants
These are plants which seed themselves into wild areas and which will eventually
crowd out native plants and reduce natural foods for our birds, insects, and other
animals. Please avoid planting these and try to remove existing plants where
possible.
Botanical Name Common Name
Ailanthus Tree of Heaven
Arundo donax Giant Reed
Cortaderia jubata Pampus Grass
Cotoneaster spp. Cotoneaster
Cytisus spp. French, Scotch, or Spanish Broom
Eucalyptus globulus Blue Gum Eucalyptus F�
Hedera canariensis Algerian Ivy
Pennisetum Fountain Grass
Pyracantha spp. Pyracantha
Rubus procerus Himalayan Blackberry
- - Tamarix Tamarisk
Vinca Major Periwinkle
ADDITIONAL-STEPS
The Town of Los Altos Hills already has an ordinance in place to regulate hazardous trees
as well as a Landscape Recommendations Guide that encourages removal of certain
invasive plant species. If the Council desires to move forward with establishing a
program to manage nonnative invasive tree species such as blue gum eucalyptus, it could
choose to utilize one or more of the following recommended methods:
1. Public Education
- Strongly encourage the removal of blue gum eucalyptus trees on private
property on a voluntary basis and remind residents that blue gum eucalyptus can
be removed without a permit.
- Strongly encourage the regular pruning and maintenance of blue gum eucalyptus
trees on private property.
- Continue to make available the Town's Landscape Recommendations Guide for
residents by disseminating this information via the Town newsletter, mailings
and on the website.
2. Adopt an ordinance requiring property owners to remove of all blue gum eucalyptus
trees on their properties at the time of Site Development approval.
Staff Report to the City Council '
March 9,2006 v
Page 4 of 4
3. Adopt an ordinance declaring all blue gum eucalyptus trees to be a public nuisance
and require the immediate removal of all such trees within the Town. An ad hoc
committee could be established to develop the specifics of such an ordinance.
ATTACHMENTS
1. Summary of Tree Ordinances
2. Summary of Los Altos Hills Tree Ordinance
3. Town of Portola Valley Landscape Guidelines (excerpt)
4. Section 8.10.040.H of the Atherton Municipal Code
5. Town of Los Altos Hills Landscape Guidelines
I
Summary of Tree Ordinances in Neighboring Cities and Towns
City of Atherton Tree Protection Hazard Tree/Public Nuisance
8.10.020-Definition of a Heritage Tree 8.08.010-Dead or Dangerous Trees
No person shall remove a heritage tree unless a permit has first been It shall be the responsibility of owners,tenants and occupants of
issued.The City of Atherton defines a"Heritage tree"under Chapter property to discover the existence of dead or dangerous trees located
10, Section 8.10.020, as either: on such property.Any owner,tenant or occupant of property in the
1. A tree which has a trunk circumference of forty-eight inches or town on which property there is a tree which appears to be dead, is
more located in a tree preservation area(the area outside the liable to fall, is dangerous or is an obstruction to public travel shall
building area of the lot), when measured forty-eight inches above report in writing the existence of such hazard to the superintendent of
the natural grade; or streets and shall,within ten days after observation thereof,at his own
2. A tree so designated by the city council, based on findings that expense,cut down and remove such tree.
the particular tree is unique and of importance to the public due
to its unusual age, appearance, location, or other factors.
City of Cupertino Tree Protection Hazard Tree/Public Nuisance
14.18 Heritage and Specimen Trees 14.12.100.Nuisance-Liability.
The City of Cupertino"finds that the preservation of specimen and An authorized employee may inspect any tree adjacent to or
heritage trees on private and public property, and the protection of all overhanging any public street in the City to determine whether the
trees during construction, is necessary for the best interests of the same or any portion thereof is in such a condition as to constitute a
City and of the citizens and the public thereof." The City"finds it is hazard or impediment to the progress or vision of anyone traveling
in the public interest to enact regulations controlling the care and on such public street. Any tree or part thereof growing upon private
removal of specimen and heritage trees..."A"Heritage Tree"means property but overhanging or interfering with the use of any street
"any tree or grove of trees which, because of factors,but not limited that in the opinion of the authorized employee endangers the life,
to, its historic value, unique quality, girth, height or species,has been health, safety, or property of the public shall be declared a public
found by the Architectural and Site Approval Committee to have a nuisance. If the owner of such private property does not correct or
special significance to the community." remove such nuisance within ten days after receipt of written notice
A"Specimen tree"means any of the following: thereof from the City Manager,the City Manager shall cause the
nuisance to be corrected or removed and the cost shall be assessed to
Species Single Trunk Multi-Trunk such owner.
Diam./Circum. Diam./Circum.
Native Trees:
Oak trees; 10"/31" 20"/63"
California Buckeye 10"/31" 20"/63"
Big Leaf Maple 12 "/38" 25"/79"
m
Non-Native Trees:
Deodar Cedar 12"/38" 2519/79"
Blue Atlas Cedar 12"/38" 25"/79"
Town of Los Tree Protection Hazard Tree/Public Nuisance
Gatos
2114-Tree Protection Ordinance 26.10.055.Certain trees,etc.,declared a public nuisance.
The Tree Protection Ordinance 2114 of the Town Code is stated in Any trees,shrubs, plants or parts thereof growing in, or overhanging,
Chapter 29,Division II for the City of Los Gatos. "The trees a public street, or upon private property, interfering with the use of
protected by this division are: any public street or public place in the Town, or trees which, in the
(1) All trees which have a 12"or greater diameter(37.5" opinion of the Director,endanger the life,health, safety,comfort or
circumference)of any trunk, or in the case of multi-trunk trees a property of any persons using such public street, or in such public
total of 12"or greater diameter or more of the sum diameter place,because of the tree's or shrub's location, condition of its limbs,
(37.5"circumference) of all trunks,where such trees are located roots or trunk,or because of its diseased condition, is hereby
on developed residential property. declared to be a public nuisance.
(2) All trees of the following species which have an 8" diameter(25"
circumference): 26.30.010.Notice to property owner to remove,trim,etc.
a. Blue oak(Quercus douglasii) When any tree, or part of a tree appears to be dead, decayed, injured,
b. Black oak(Quercus kelloggii) insecurely rooted, or for any other reason likely to break apart or
C. California Buckeye(Aesculus californica) fall, and the tree is either located on a public street or any other
d. Pacific Madrone(Arbutus menziesii) public property,or overhangs or is likely to fall upon any public
" street or other publicproperty,the Director shall notify the owner or
(3) All trees which have a 4 or greater diameter(12.5 s p fy
circumference)of any trunk,when removal relates to any review person in possession of the property to cut down,trim or remove the
for which zoning approval or subdivision approval is required. tree, as the extent of the apparent damage and hazard may require.
(4) Any tree that existed at the same time of a zoning approval or Where a tree or part of a tree is in the condition described in this
subdivision approval and was a specific subject of such approval section,and constitutes an immediate danger to members of the
or otherwise covered by subsection(2) of this section(e.g., public using a public street or any other public property,the Director
landscape or site plans)." may,taking only such steps as are reasonable under the
circumstances to notify the owner or occupant of the property,cut
29.10.0990-Removal Criteria for Protected Trees down,trim or remove the tree, as reasonably necessary to alleviate
The condition of the tree or trees with respect to disease, imminent the hazard.
danger of falling or structural failure, proximity to existing or
proposed structures based on a report from a certified arborist,
structural damage to a building or a public nuisance caused by a tree.
The danger of falling or failure shall be rated using the ISA Tree
Hazard Rating Form or an approved equivalent.
J
-2-
►.E
C
Public Nuisance...means any trees, shrubs,plants or parts
thereof..interfering with the use of any public street or public place
in the Town,or trees which, in the opinion of the director, endanger
the life,health, safety, comfort or property of any persons using such
public street, or in such public place, because of the tree's or shrub's
location, condition of its limbs,roots or trunk, or because of its
diseased condition, is hereby declared to be a public nuisance.
City of Los Altos Tree Protection Hazard Tree/Public Nuisance
11.08.040-Protected Trees 9.20.050 Public Nuisance
Trees within the City.of Los Altos are protected under Chapter 11.08 The following are defined to be public nuisances for the purposes of
Tree Protection Regulations. Protected trees are defined under this chapter:
Section 11.08.040 as any of the following: A.Any dead, diseased, infested or dying tree in any street or on any
A. Any tree designated by city council resolution; private property so near to any street tree as to constitute a danger to
B. Any tree designated by the historical commission as a street trees or streets or portions thereof;
heritage tree or any tree under official consideration by the B.Any tree or shrub on any private property or in any street of a
historical commission for heritage tree designation; type or species apt to destroy, impair or otherwise interfere with any
C. Any tree located on property zoned other than R1; street improvements, sidewalks, curbs, approved street trees, gutters,
D. Any tree which was required by the city to be either saved or sewers or other public improvements, including utility mains or
planted in conjunction with a development review application services;
filed on or after April 23, 1993; C.Any tree limb, shrub or plant, except tree trunks having no limbs
E. Any tree located on undeveloped property or on developed lower than nine feet above street center,reachinga height more than
property where additional development or redevelopment is three feet above the street center adjacent to within the thirty(30)
anticipated. (See Section 11.08.120). foot triangle of private property at the intersection of any streets
improved for vehicular traffic;
E.Existence of any tree within the city that is infested, infected or in
danger of becoming infested or infected with objectionable insects,
scale, fungus or growth injurious to trees;
City of Menlo Tree Protection Hazard Tree/Public Nuisance
Park
13.24-Heritage Trees 16.64.100 Dangerous Trees
Ordinance Number 928 of the City of Menlo Park defines a"Heritage Any owner or occupant of a building, lot or premises shall remove
Tree"under Section 13.24.020 of the Menlo Park Municipal Code as: any dead, diseased, infested or dying tree located on any private
(1) A tree or group of trees of historical significance,special property so near to any street as to constitute a danger to street trees,
character or community benefit, specifically designated by streets, or portions thereof or persons using said streets.
-3 -
resolution of the City Council;
(2) An oak tree(Quercus)which is native to California and has a
trunk with a circumference of 31.4 inches(diameter of 10 inches)
or more, measured as 54 inches above natural grade.Trees with
more than one trunk shall be measured at the point where the
trunks divide,with the exception of trees that are under 12 feet in
height, which will be exempt from this section.
(3) All trees other than oaks which have a trunk with a circumference
of 47.1 inches(diameter of 15 inches) or more,measured at 54
inches above natural grade.Trees with more than one trunk shall
be measured at the point where the trunks divide,with the
exception of trees that are under 12 feet in height,which will be
exempt from this section.
City of Mountain Tree Protection Hazard Tree/Public Nuisance
View
32.23-Protection of Urban Forest 32.16.Public Nuisances
The City of Mountain View defines"heritage tree"under Section The following are declared to be public nuisances:
32.23, c."Heritage tree"shall mean any one of the following: a.Any dead, diseased, infested or dying trees on public or private
1. A tree which has a trunk with a circumference of forty-eight(48) property so near to any street as to constitute a danger to street trees
inches or more measured at fifty-four(54) inches above natural or streets or portions thereof.
grade; b.Any tree or shrub, or part thereof,which is unsafe and constitutes
2 A multi-branched tree which has major branches below fifty-four a hazard to the life,health or safety or property of the public or
(54) inches above the natural grade with a circumference of forty- constitutes a center of infection for disease or insects which may
eight(48) inches measured just below the first major trunk fork; endanger the health or life of other trees or shrubs.
3 Any quercus(oak), sequoia(redwood), or cedrus(cedar)tree c.Any tree or shrub on any private or public property which is of a
with a circumference of twelve(12) inches or more when type or species apt to destroy, impair or otherwise interfere with any
measured at fifty-four(54)inches above natural grade; street improvements, sidewalks, curbs, approved street trees or other
4 A tree or grove of trees designated by resolution of the city official street trees, gutters,sewers, other public improvements
council to be of special historical value or of significant including utility mains,pipes or lines or their appurtenances.
community benefit. e.Existence of any tree on private or public property within the city
limits that is infested, infected or in danger of becoming infested or
infected with objectionable insects, scales, fungus or growth
injurious to trees.
-4- .h
S' .
I �
•u
City of Palo Alto Tree Protection Hazard Tree/Public Nuisance
8.10-Tree Preservation and Management Regulations 8.04.050-Public Nuisances
The City of Palo defines a"Protected tree"under the Tree (a) The following are, for the purposes hereof, defined to be
Preservation Ordinance, Chapter 8.10.020,Definitions 0)as: public nuisances:
(1)Any tree of the species Quercus agrifolia(Coast live oak) or (1) Any dead, diseased, infested, or dying tree in any street; or
Quercus lobata(Valley oak)which is eleven and one-half inches in on any private property so near to any street tree as to constitute a
diameter(thirty-six inches in circumference)or more when measured danger to street trees, or streets, or portions thereof.
four and one-half feet(fifty-four:inches)above natural grade; and (2) Any tree or shrub on any private property or in any street, of
(2)Any Redwood tree(species Sequoia sempervirens)that is a type or species apt to destroy, impair or otherwise interfere with
eighteen inches in diameter(fifty-seven inches in circumference)or any street improvements, sidewalks, curbs, approved street trees,
more when measured four and one-half feet(fifty-four inches)above gutters, sewers, other public improvements, including utility mains
natural grade. or services.
(3)A heritage tree designated by the city council in accordance with (3) Any tree limb, shrub,hedge, or plant reaching a height more
the provisions of this chapter. than three feet above the curb grade adjacent thereto, except tree
(4)All trees growing within the street right-of-way(publicly owned), trunks having no limbs lower than nine feet above curb grade,within
outside of private property. the thirty-five foot triangle of public or private property, measured
(5)All trees,when associated with a development project,that are from the projected curb lines, at the intersections of any street
specifically designated by the City to be saved and protected on improved for vehicular traffic where either traffic signals, stop signs,
public or private property which is subject to a discretionary or yield signs are not installed, or at any intersections which are
development review; such as a variance,home improvement determined by the chief transportation official to contain tree limbs,
exception,architectural review, site and design, subdivision, etc.. shrubs,hedges,or plants that obscure and impair the view of passing
motorists, cyclists or pedestrians so as to create a safety hazard.
(5) Existence of any tree within the city limits that is infested,
infected or in danger of becoming infested or infected with
objectionable insects, scale, fungus or growth injurious to trees.
Town of Portola Tree Protection
Valley
The Town of Portola Valley defines a"significant tree"as:
1) A tree listed in the Historic Element of the General Plan
2) A tree native to the Portola Valley area which is listed below
having a trunk or multiple trunks with a total circumference or
diameter greater than the size indicated below,measured 54"
above means natural grade.
-5 -
Species Diam./Circum.
Coast Live Oak(Quercus agrifolia) 11.5"/36"
Black Oak(Quercus kelloggii) 11.5"/36"
Valley Oak(Quercus lobata) 11.5"/36"
Blue Oak(Quercus douglasii) 7.6"/24"
Coast Redwood(Sequoia sempervirens) 17.2"/54"
Douglas Fir(Pseudotsuga menziesii) 17.2"/54"
California Bay Laurel(Umbellularia californica) 11.5"/36"
Big Leaf Maple(Acer macrophyllum) 7.6"/24"
Madrona(Arbutus menziesii) 7.611/2493
City of Redwood Tree Protection Hazard Tree/Public Nuisance
City
35.0-Tree Preservation 14.72.Public Nuisances
The City of Redwood City defines"heritage tree"under Chapter 35, F. Overgrown vegetation, dead,decayed, diseased or otherwise
Section 35.1 as follows: hazardous trees,weeds and other vegetation likely to harbor rats or
A. Any woody plant characterized by having a single trunk of a vermin, or which constitute a fire hazard.
circumference of thirty eight inches(38") or more,measured at
any point between 6 inche' (6")and thirty six inches(36")above
ground level; or
B. Any woody plant characterized by having a single trunk which
has been found by the Park and Recreation Commission to have
special significance to the community,which plant shall be
designated a"heritage tree."
City of Saratoga Tree Protection Hazard Tree/Public Nuisance
15.50-Tree Regulations 7-45.030 Unlawful property nuisance; private property.
The City of Saratoga Municipal code 15-50.050 states that a (b)Landscaping/vegetation.
protected tree shall consist of any of the following: (1)Dead, decayed,diseased, displaced or hazardous trees,weeds or
(a)Any native tree having a DBH of six inches or greater other vegetation constituting unsightly appearance, a danger to
(b)Any other tree having a DBH of ten inches or greater. public safety and welfare,a detriment to neighboring property or
(c)Any street tree,as defined in Section 15-50.020(v),regardless of property values or from which a continuous offensive odor
size. emanates.
(d)Any heritage tree, as defined in Subsection 15-50.020(1) (2) Overgrown vegetation likely to harbor rats,vermin and other
regardless of size. nuisances, growing into the public right-of-way, or obstructing the
-6- +�.
•9 o
V
�{l
(e)Any tree required to be planted or retained as a condition of any necessary view of drivers on public streets or private driveways, and
approval granted under this Chapter or Chapter 14 of this Code. visible from the street,from neighboring properties, or from areas of
(f)Any tree required to be planted as a replacement, as provided in general public/invitee access on the property.
Section 15=50.170 of this Article. (Amended by Ord. 226 § 2 (part),
2003)
Section 15-50.020 defines DBH as:
(g)DBH means diameter at breast height.It is the diameter of a
single stem trunk tree measured at four and one-half feet above the
ground while standing on the high side of the tree.The diameter may
be calculated using the following formula: Diam.=Circum./3.142
Town of Tree Protection Hazard Tree/Public Nuisance
Woodside
Proposed Tree Protection Ordinance 10.60 Nuisance Defined
The Town of Woodside has a proposed tree protection ordinance that A nuisance is anything which is injurious or threatening to health or
requires a permit prior to removal of any"significant tree". In the safety, obstructs the customary free use or passage of any stream,
draft ordinance, a"significant tree"is defined as any tree measured 4' park, street,public easement, or highway, is specifically declared by
above natural grade greater than 11.5"diameter or 36" this code or state law to be a nuisance, or obstructs the free use of
circumference, or is native to the Woodside area as listed below: property in a manner that interferes with the comfortable enjoyment
of life or property.Examples of a nuisance include but are not
Species Diam./Circum. 4' above grade limited to:
Coast Live Oak(Quercus agrifolia) 9.5"/30" (D) Any accumulation of debris, garbage,refuse,weeds,
Black Oak(Quercus kelloggii) 9.5"/30" overgrowth, livestock waste,or machine or equipment parts which
Valley Oak(Quercus lobata) 9.5"/30" constitute:
Blue Oak(Quercus douglasii) 7.6"/24" (1) A fire hazard;
Coast Redwood(Sequoia sempervirens) 9.5"/30" (2) A hazard to pedestrian or vehicular traffic;
Douglas Fir(Pseudotsuga menziesii) 9.5"/30" (3) A harborage for rats,vermin, or insect infestation; or
California Bay Laurel(Umbellularia californica) 9.5"/30" (4) Any other hazard to public health or safety.
Big Leaf Maple(Acer macrophyllum) 7.6"/24"
Madrone(Arbutus menziesii) 7.6"/24"
Western Sycamore(Platanus racemosa) 9.5"/30"
Alder(Alnus rhombifolia) 7.61)/2473
Buckeye(Aesculus californica) 7.6"/24"
Madrone(Arbutus menziesii) 7.651/2411
Fremont Cottonwood(Populus fremontii) 7.6"/24"
Tan bark Oak(Lithocarpus densiflorus) 7.671/24"
-7-
Summary of Los Altos Hills Tree Ordinances
Town of Los Tree Protection Hazard Tree/Public Nuisance
Altos Hills
12-2.112-Heritage Oak 12-2.206.Public nuisances
The following are hereby declared to be public nuisances:
"Heritage Oak"shall mean any tree of the genus quercus, including,but not (a)Any dead, diseased, infested,or drying tree in any street
limited to,Valley Oak(quercus lobata), California Live Oak(quercus agrifolia), or on any private property so near to any street as to
Black Oak(quercus kelloggii) and Blue Oak(quercus douglasii)that has a trunk constitute a danger to street trees, or streets, or portions
or multiple trunk thirty-six(3 6) inches in circumference(approximately twelve thereof;
(12") inches in diameter)at a point four(4')feet above the root.crown. (b)Any tree or shrub on any private property or in any street
of a type or species apt to destroy, impair,or otherwise
12-2.302-Permit Required to Remove or Destroy a Heritage Oak interfere with any street improvement, sidewalk, curb,
approved street tree, gutter, sewer,or other public
No person shall remove,purposefully damage, or purposefully cause to die any improvement, including utility mains or services: or
Heritage Oak on private or public property within thelown of Los Altos Hills (e)The existence of any tree which is infested or infected, or
without first having obtained a removal permit from the Town.A removal in danger of becoming infested or infected,with
permit is not required when: objectionable insects, scale, fungus. or growth injurious to
(a)The Heritage Oak has been identified for removal on an approved tentative trees;
subdivision map or an approved site development permit; or (f)The existence of any branches or foliage which interfere
(b)The City Manager(or designee)has determined that the Heritage Oak with the visibility of, or free use of or access to any portion
presents an immediate danger to persons or property. Persons believing a of any street improved for vehicular or pedestrian travel;
Heritage Oak presents an immediate danger should call Town Hall during
normal business hours and 911 at all other times.
12-2.502-Removal of Trees During the Development Process
(a)The Zoning Administrator,the Site Development Committee,the
Subdivision Committee,the Planning Commission, and the City Council, in
reviewing development proposals or subdivisions, shall seek to preserve and
protect existing trees,especially Heritage Oaks and Heritage Trees, from
unnecessary removal or damage by placing conditions on development
approvals. Subdivision lot design and development plans shall accommodate
existing trees whenever possible. The reviewing authority may require the
developer to provide recommendations by an arborist as to the steps that should
be taken to protect and preserve existing trees.
0 ..
K
x X11
ATTACHMENT 3 .
Excerpt from
Town of Portola Valley Landscaping Guidelines
Plant Materials
- NATIVE PLANT MATERIALS a Use native plants, except on
private viewed areas on the site.
(Refer to appendix'Native Plant List"for a complete selection Carefully select native plants for
with descriptions.) areas along property boundaries or
in corridors viewed from off-site.
Native Trees
• Indigenous plants require less
7 irrigation and maintenance.
Coast Live Oak
Black OakDo not replace existing plant
'? materials with incompatible plant
Valley Oak
- materials that would alter the
Coast Redwood character of the landscape.
Douglas Fir
Use plants that are appropriate for
California Bay Laurel :s `sub-environments" (such as open
Big Leaf Maple grasslands or oak forests) that exist
Madrone
within the Town.
Wild Cherry
California Buckeye I
Native Shrubs
Manzanita -
4
California Wild Lilac
'4
Common Flannel Bush
Silk Tassel Bush
Christmas Berry
Coffeeberry
a�
landscape design
18
Mar 01 06 11 : 45a TOWN OF P. V. 650-851-4677 p. 5
Strongly Discouraged
These plants are incompatible with Portola Valley indigenous plant materials and will crowd them
out.Do not plant them.
TREES
Acaeis baileyana BAILEY ACACIA
Acacis decurrens GREEN WATTLE
Acacia melanoxylorr BLACKWOOD ACACIA
Cednrs deodara DEODAR CEDAR
Cedrus atlantica ATLAS CEDAR
Errcalyprus globules BLUE GUM(EUCALYPTUS)
E'ucalyptzts globules "tour acts" D'%--ARF BLUE GUM EUCALYPTUS
Pinus radiata MONTEREY PINE
Poprrlrrs alba NWHITE POPLAR
SHRUBS
Corta►•deria 'ubata PAMPAS GRASS
Cortarderia selloana PAMPAS GRASS
Cotoneaster lacteal RED CLUSTERBERRY
Cotoneaster salicirolia WILLOWLEAF COTONEASTER
Cvdsrrs Canariensis CANARY ISLAND BROOM
Cytisirs racemosris EASTER BROOM
Cytisrrs scopariru SCOTCH BROOM -
Gehista his anica SPANISH BROOM
Pyracantha ssp. FIRETHORNS
Spartium jzrncerrm SPANISH OR WEAVERS'BROOM
GROUND COVERS
Hedera canariensis ALGERIAN IVY
Hedera helix ENGLISH IVY
Yinca major PERIWINKLE
Yinca mbzor DWARF PERIWINKLE
Hypericrrrn calvcinwn AARON'S BEARD.CREEPING ST.JOHN'S WORT
*These are perhaps the most threatening of all. Use every effort to halt the spread of these shrubs.
native nla.nt list
1
29
Mar 01 06 11 : 45a TOWN OF P. V. 650-851-4677 P. 6
9
Landscaping
Guidelines
Introduction and Purpose
Landscaping is an important element of all land development
within the Town of Portola Valley. The Town General Plan and
ordinances contain general statements of policy for landscaping
within the Town. These policies emphasize preservation of the
natural environment as exemplified in the following General Plan
objective:
"To assure that all building sites and residences are developed
in a manner minimizing disturbance to natural terrain and
vegetation and maximizing preservation of natural beauty and
open space. "
The purpose of the "Landscaping Guidelines" is to supplement
statements in the General Plan and ordinances by providing more
specific guidance regarding landscaping of individual residential
sites, as well as other land development projects within the
-- - Town.
Landscaping Plan Review Procedures
Town ordinances require review of all development plans for
new residences and for grading associated with new residences,
residential additions or other land development. The zoning and
site development regulations contain general landscape plan
provisions. The Architectural and Site Control Commission
(ASCC) has primary responsibility for review of landscape plans
for conformance with Town policies and regulations. The main
objective of the ASCC is to minimize off-site impacts of
development. THE FUNDAMENTAL APPROACH OF THE
ASCC IS TO ENCOURAGE ARCHITECTURAL SOLUTIONS
THAT BLEND WITH THE NATURAL CONDITIONS OF
THE SITE AND AREA, AND AT THE SAME TIME
REQUIRE ONLY MINIMUM LANDSCAPING.
landscaping_guidelines
30
Mar 01 OG 11 : 45a TOWN OF P. V- 650-851-4677 p. 7
Guidelines for Landscaping
1. Use native plants, particularly along property boundaries or in
corridors viewed from nearby properties. Select plants from the
Town's native plant list.
2. Use a landscape plan to address the particular needs of the property
such as controlling erosion, providing privacy, creating shade, and
softening or mitigating the appearance of structures,
3. Create a SIMPLE rather than an elaborate landscape solution.
4. Make use of existing plant material, especially indigenous grasses,
C,
chaparral and oaks. Do not replace with incompatible plant
materials.Refer to the Town's Native Plant List.
5. Plant in random groupings (cluster planting) rather than in linear
form. Allow plants and shrubs to appear to flow across property
lines. Avoid a cultivated, formal appearance.
6. Whenever possible, leave large areas in grasses and other
- indigenous plants.
7. Use appropriate plant material in each location such as Alders and
Redwoods in damp, shady locations and Oaks in dry, open areas.
8. Consider the future height of trees and shrubs such that major
views on-and off-site will not become obstructed.
9. Avoid the introduction of non-indigenous trees that would
dramatically alter the character of the landscape.
10.Planting in trail easements or conservation easements if prohibited.
11.Adjacent to street rights-of-way or trail easements avoid plantings
0
that would restrict sight distance, require unusual maintenance to
keep easements open, or interfere with already established
indigenous plantings.
Landscaping Guidelines adopted by the Town of Portola.Valley
on April 22, 1986.
landscal2ing gUJ&Iines
31
Document ATTACH ENT*Page 3 of 3
' G. The decision of the planning commission on any application for a heritage tree removal permit may be appealed to
the city council in accordance with the procedures contained in Chapter 17.64 of this code.
H. It is strongly recommended that the trees listed below not be planted in the town of Atherton:
Acacia baileyana—Bailey Acacia
Acacia derurrens—Green Wattle
Acacia melanoxylon—Black Acacia
Ailanthus altissima—Tree of Heaven
Eucalyptus globulus—Blue Gum Eucalyptus
Pinus radiata—Monterey Pine
(Ord.533 § 3,2002;Ord.522 §2,2001;Ord.484 § 1(A)—(C), 1994;Ord.462 § 1(C)—(J), 1991;Ord.444§4, 1989).
8.10.050 State tree care license.
Except for the property owner,no person shall perform any removal of any heritage tree for hire within the town of Atherton
without a valid state tree care license as required by the state of California.(Ord.484 § 1(E), 1994)
8.10.060 Violation—Penalty.
A. Any person causing a heritage tree to be removed or damaged in violation of this chapter shall submit a fee as
determined by city council resolution to be deposited into a fund for the planting and maintenance of community trees, as a
civil penalty in addition to the penalties as outlined in Chapter 1.20.
B. As part of a civil action brought by the town, a court may assess against any person who commits, allows, or
maintains violation of any provision of this chapter a civil penalty in an amount not to exceed five thousand dollars per
violation. Where the violation has resulted in removal of a tree, the civil penalty shall be in an amount not to exceed five
thousand dollars per tree unlawfully removed, or the replacement value of each such tree, whichever amount is higher. Such
amount shall be payable to the town as described in subsection A of this section.Replacement value for the purposes of this
section shall be determined utilizing the most recent edition of the Guide for Plant Appraisal. A civil action.-may-be
commenced to abate,enjoin,or otherwise compel the cessation of violation of any provision in this chapter.In a civil action .
brought pursuant to this chapter in which the town prevails, the court may award to the town all costs of investigation and
preparation for trial, the costs of trial, reasonable expenses including overhead and administrative costs incurred in
prosecuting the action,and reasonable attorney fees.
C. Upon any guilty plea or judgment or conviction,in any criminal proceeding brought for the violation of this chapter,.
the defendant is entitled b law a
y to probation,then the curt may rewire the payment to the town of the costs and.expenses as. . . .
described above and the code provision incorporated by reference as one of the conditions of such'probation. (Ord. 533�4;
2002: Ord.490§ 16, 1996:Ord.484§ 1(D)(part), 1994;Ord.444§5, 1989)
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